Urology Education Resource Center

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is a condition characterized by persistent pain or discomfort in the pelvic region without a clear identifiable infection or structural cause. It is often associated with urinary symptoms, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic floor muscle tension. CPPS is considered multifactorial, involving interactions between the nervous system, muscles, and psychological factors, and management typically focuses on symptom control through a combination of medical, physical, and behavioral approaches.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections that occur when bacteria enter and multiply within the urinary system, which includes the bladder, urethra, and sometimes the kidneys. They often cause symptoms such as burning with urination, increased urinary frequency or urgency, and lower abdominal discomfort. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and urine testing, and treatment commonly involves antibiotics and supportive care.

This resource is for Kegel exercise training for both males and females to treat a variety of conditions that relate to your urinary function.

Prehabilitation before cystectomy is increasingly recognized as an important strategy to improve postoperative outcomes. It involves optimizing a patient’s physical fitness, nutritional status, and psychological readiness prior to surgery. Because radical cystectomy is a highly invasive procedure with significant physiological stress, patients who undergo prehabilitation—often including aerobic and resistance exercise, nutritional support, and smoking cessation—tend to experience fewer postoperative complications, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery of functional capacity. Additionally, prehabilitation may enhance patients’ resilience to surgical stress and improve overall quality of life during recovery, making it a valuable component of perioperative care in individuals undergoing cystectomy.

A prostate cancer treatment decision aid is a structured tool designed to help patients understand their treatment options—such as active surveillance, surgery, or radiation therapy—along with the potential benefits, risks, and side effects of each. By presenting evidence-based information in a clear and balanced way, decision aids support shared decision-making between patients and clinicians, helping individuals choose treatments that align with their values, preferences, and clinical circumstances.

A decision aid for patients with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level can help guide choices about further evaluation, such as proceeding with prostate biopsy, obtaining prostate MRI, or continuing monitoring. By clearly presenting the potential benefits, risks, and uncertainties of each option—including the likelihood of detecting clinically significant cancer and the risks of overdiagnosis or procedure-related complications—the tool supports informed, shared decision-making between patients and clinicians based on the individual’s PSA level, risk factors, and personal preferences.

Intravesical therapy is a treatment for certain types of bladder cancer where medication is placed directly into the bladder through a catheter. This allows the drug to act on the bladder lining while limiting effects on the rest of the body. It is commonly used after bladder tumor removal to reduce the risk of recurrence. The following instructions outline how the treatment is given and provide important guidance on preparation, aftercare, and safety precautions.